ABSTRACT
Background Severe malaria is a key global public health issue, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for over 80% of global malaria deaths. Rwanda has experienced about 11-fold annual increase in reported malaria cases since 2012 to 2016. Severe malaria accounted for 13,092 cases in 2015 to 17,248 cases in 2016. Objective To determine factors associated with severe malaria among patients under reference to Gihundwe and Mibilizi Hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study that included 228 febrile patients diagnosed with malaria at Gihundwe and Mibilizi Hospitals was conducted. Data were collected from patients' files. Logistic regressions were computed to establish determinants of severe anemia. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence level (CI) and p-value were reported. Results The proportion of severe malaria was 64.03%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients under five years (aOR = 8.169; 95%CI = 3.646- 18.304); being males (aOR = 2.539; 95%CI = 1.299-4.965); farmers (aOR = 2.757; 95%CI = 1.339-5.678) and limited access to health facilities (aOR = 2.740: 95%CI = 1.038-7.232) were the main factors associated with severe malaria. Conclusion Severe malaria was high with various associated factors. There is a need to strengthen malaria control and prevention interventions for young children, men and farmers. Furthermore, beside public health interventions, health facilities should be accessible to people residing in malaria endemic areas.
ABSTRACT
Background Periodontitis has been documented as public health concern but its association with preterm and low birth weight remains uncertain, thus the objective of this scoping review is to summarize the most recent published evidence related to the impact of periodontitis on preterm birth and low birth weight in order to improve public awareness and to inform policies for oral health during pregnancy. Methods Hinari, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched to acquire the published literature. The retrieved studies included cross-sectional, case control studies and randomized controlled trials with available full text published in English from 2008 to 2019. Results After combining the key words, 333 articles were identified with only 133 eligible articles published from 2008 to 2019. After reviewing the available 50 full text articles, duplicates were removed and 15 studies fully met the inclusion criteria. There were 13 articles that supported the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm low birth weight while 2 found no evidence to support the association. Conclusion The results of this scoping review contribute to an increasing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that maternal periodontal disease may be a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Review , Premature BirthABSTRACT
This study aims at determining the knowledge; attitudes and practices of urban refugee women regarding the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in order to promote its practice among this group of population and increase the number of women who adhere to it for achieving a better development of their children. The specific objectives of the study are to determine the urban refugee women's knowledge regarding EBF; to identify their source of information about EBF; to assess their attitudes towards EBF and to determine EBF practice rate among these women. This is a descriptive crosssectional study. It involves 90 urban refugee women who had children aged six months to two years during the period of the study. The study was conducted between January 2011 and mid-February of the same year. The main results are the following: 74.4 of the mothers have correct knowledge about the EBF; and the health facilities are reported to at 90 their main source of the information 71.1 of the mothers have positive attitude towards EBF; but 34.4 practised EBF up to 6 months. There is no significant correlation between the dependant and the independent variables (p 0.05). The factors leading the mothers in the study to such low practice of EBF; which are not captured by this study; might be anchored in their cultural or traditional practices. For almost all of the mothers come from the same country: the Democratic Republic of the Congo; mainly from the East of the country. Therefore; as a recommendation; a qualitative research should diligently be conducted in order to dig up the reasons for these women's failure in practising EBF to six months. In addition; the women's sensitisation for EBF practice should continue and be enhanced
Subject(s)
Attitude , Breast Feeding/organization & administration , Infant , Infant, Newborn , WomenABSTRACT
L'etude vise a analyser les determinants du desir de grossesse chez les femmes seropositives sous traitement anti-retroviral; afin de contribuer a la reduction de la transmission du virus de la mere a l'enfant. Elle a pour objectifs specifiques de determiner la proportion des grossesses chez les femmes a serologie VIH positive; d'evaluer l'attitude du personnel de sante a l'egard des messages a donner aux femmes seropositives sous ARVs en ce qui concerne le desir de la grossesse; et relever les facteurs determinant le desir d'avoir des enfants apres la mise ne route d'un traitement par antiretroviraux . Il s'agit d'une etude descriptive transversale. Elle a ete conduite aupres de 260 femmes infectees par le VIH sous ARVs et suivies dans les FOSA; ayant les services de VCT/PMTCT et des ARVs. L'etude montre que 26;9 des femmes ont ete enceintes apres avoir ete informees de leur statut serologique positif pour le VIH et que 38;5 des femmes seropositives sous traitement anti-retroviral desirent avoir des enfants dans le futur. La majorite des femmes (82;7) reconnaissent l'importance de l'utilisation des contraceptifs alors que le pourcentage des femmes qui connaissent l'importance d'utiliser les ARVs pendant la grossesse et l'accouchement pour reduire le risque de transmission de la mere a l'enfant est de 76;9. Les facteurs determinant le desir de la grossesse parmi les femmes seropositives sont : La confiance attribuee aux anti-retroviraux; la parite c'est-a-dire les femmes qui n'ont pas eu d'enfant ont un desir de maternite deux fois superieur que les femmes qui ont eu au moins un enfant; et la non utilisation des methodes contraceptives chez les femmes a serologie VIH positives pour reduire le risque de transmission de la mere a l'enfant. Nous recommandons de renforcer l'integration des activites de sante de la reproduction et de Planning familial dans les services de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA;a savoir le PTME; Conseils et depistage volontaire du VIH; ainsi que la prise en charge des patients seropositifs
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Seropositivity/therapy , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy , WomenABSTRACT
La transmission verticale du VIH est la principale etiologie du VIH chez les enfants. Sa reduction est ainsi une priorite. Pour determiner la proportion des femmes qui desirent avoir des enfants et les causes de ce desir; une etude descriptive transversale a ete realisee dans le District de GICUMBI sur 310 femmes seropositives. Les resultats de cet etude etaient les suivants : 1) 21;6 des femmes etaient devenues enceintes apres avoir ete informees de leur statut serologique positif au VIH. 2) 49 des femmes etaient devenues enceintes apres avoir ete informees de leur statut serologique positif au VIH. 2) 49 desiraient avoir des enfants dans le futur. 3) Seules 42 d'entre elles utilisaient les contraceptifs. 4) Outre les facteurs socioculturels tels que le desir du mari (46;9) et la satisfaction personnelle (28); ce desir etait aussi motive par le jeune age (p = 0.000); le statut social (p = 0.047); la parite (p = 0.000); la connaissance des avantages d'utiliser les contraceptifs (p = 0.002) et des ARVs (p = 0.018) chez les femmes seropositives et le milieu de residence (p = 0.016). Le desir de maternite demeure ainsi un facteur de risque pour la transmission verticale du VIH chez les femmes seropositives du District de Gicumbi. Il est recommande aux prestataires de sante de fournir aux femmes seropositives l'information adequate sur le risque de la transmission verticale du VIH et l'existence des moyens de sa prevention
Subject(s)
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy , WomenABSTRACT
La presente etude vise a montrer le role des autorites de base dans l'amelioration de l'etat de sante de la population. Elle a pour objectifs specifiques de relever les principales strategies de Communication pour la Sante utilisees au Rwanda pour la periode 2003-2008 pour resoudre les principaux problemes de sante et de montrer le role joue par les autorites de base dans le processus de resolution de ces problemes. Un echantillon de 1690 individus issus de dix Districts couverts par les programmes de sante finances par le Global Fund pour le programme VIH et SIDA-Tuberculose et Paludisme a fait l'objet de l'etude. Par ailleurs; des interviews approfondies ont ete menees aupres des partenaires et institutions du Ministere de la Sante responsables du developpement des programmes de prevention de ces problemes de sante. Les principaux resultats de l'etude se presentent comme suit :les programmes de prevention pour les principaux problemes de sante ont ete developpes et sont operationnels sur le terrain. La majorite des repondants (84) ont recu l'information sur la sante a travers la mobilisation sociale par le canal des autorites de base alors que la reception des messages sur la sante a travers les Agents de sante communautaire et les prestataires des services de sante ne represente successivement que 27 et 20 des repondants. Nous recommandons aux autorites de base de continuer a s'impliquer activement dans la transmission des messages relatifs a la sante dans l'interet de leurs populations respectives